Electrochemical and non-enzymatic biosensors for glucose, hydrogen peroxide, and breath biomarkers linked to conditions such as diabetes and liver disorders, built on nanocomposite and metal-oxide interfaces.
A TiO2-Mn3O4 hybrid electrode detects glucose without any enzyme, reaching a 0.01 micromolar detection limit and successfully measuring glucose directly in fruit samples.
A V2O5-graphene oxide hybrid made by electrochemical exfoliation offers a lower-cost, non-noble-metal alternative for direct glucose electrooxidation and sensing.
An Au/ZnO-PVA/CAT/Chitosan biosensor detects hydrogen peroxide with a 9.13 nanomolar detection limit and under 1-second response time, validated directly in human blood serum.
Cerium-doped ZnO thin films sense acetone and ethanolamine, breath biomarkers for diabetes and liver disorders, with dopant concentration tuned separately for each target.
